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The United States presidential election of 1796 was the 3rd quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Friday, November 4 to Wednesday, December 7, 1796. It was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing tickets. Federalist John Adams defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson. Jeffersonians attacked the economic and foreign policies developed by Alexander Hamilton during the Washington administration as too much in favor of Great Britain and a centralized national government. Adams supporters attacked Jefferson's moral character. With incumbent President George Washington having refused a third term in office, incumbent Vice President John Adams from Massachusetts became a candidate for the presidency on the Federalist Party ticket with former Governor Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina as the next most popular Federalist. Their opponents were former Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson from Virginia along with Senator Aaron Burr of New York of the Democratic-Republican. At this point, each man from any party ran alone, as the formal position of "running mate" had not yet been established. Unlike the 1792 election, where the outcome was a foregone conclusion, Republicans campaigned heavily for Jefferson, and Federalists campaigned heavily for Adams. The campaign was an acrimonious one, with Federalists attempting to identify the Republicans with the violence of the French Revolution〔(Presidential Election of 1796 ), retrieved on November 5, 2009.〕 and the Republicans accusing the Federalists of favoring monarchism and aristocracy. In foreign policy, the Republicans denounced the Federalists over Jay's Treaty, perceived as too favorable to Britain, while the French ambassador embarrassed the Republicans by publicly backing them and attacking the Federalists right before the election. Jefferson received the second highest number of electoral votes and was elected vice president according to the prevailing rules of electoral college voting. This election marked the formation of the First Party System, and established a permanent rivalry between Federalist New England and Republican South, with the middle states holding the balance of power.〔Jeffrey L. Pasley, ''The First Presidential Contest: 1796 and the Founding of American Democracy'' (2013)〕 ==Candidates== Prior to the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804, each elector was to vote for two persons, but was not able to indicate which vote was for president and which was for vice president. Instead, the recipient of the most electoral votes would become president and the runner-up vice president. As a result, both parties ran multiple candidates for president, in hopes of keeping one of their opponents from being the runner-up. These candidates were the equivalent of modern-day running mates, but under the law they were all candidates for president. Thus, both Adams and Jefferson were technically opposed by several members of their own parties. The plan was for one of the electors to cast a vote for the main party nominee (Adams or Jefferson) and a candidate besides the primary running mate, thus ensuring that the main nominee would have one more vote than his running mate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States presidential election, 1796」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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